Abstract:

The usage of advanced characterization techniques like an X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is so significant in terms of understanding of the direct correlation between atomic structural variations to electrochemical performance and failure mechanisms in the energy storage applications and catalyst studies. The XAS spectra typically consists of two main regions: the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), sensitive to electronic structure (i.e. valence state) and local coordination environment; and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), sensitive to local structure (i.e. inter-atomic distance, identity, and coordination number). If the EXAFS region obtained after the absorption can be modeled with a theoretical local structure, a detailed structural information can be extracted by observing the changes or variations at the atomic level occurring during the electrochemical cycle. In this talk, the synthesis and characterization of several electrode and catalyst materials produced in the form of nano-powders, ceramics, and composites will be presented, as well as both the fabrication and the in-situ/ex-situ investigation of electrochemical devices such as Li-ion battery and Fuel-cells. In this study, the collected XAS data was analyzed and modelled using the ATHENA and ARTEMIS software for both XANES and EXAFS regions respectively, to determine the structural changes both in the electronic state and local environment of absorbing elements occurring during electrochemical cycles. In this regard, the causes of both failure and improvements will be discussed based on the analysis results obtained from extensive studies carried out on various electrode and catalyst materials by using synchrotron-based x-ray experimental techniques, as well as their electrochemical investigations. 

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